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3rd Bachelor in Medical Biology - Cytology

 ECTS CreditsNumber of Hours (h/year)
230
115
330
340
115
225
115
115
340
115
230
340
24600
115
230
1010

Deontology and ethics

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffHEMELAERS, Laurent
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0038/3
Prerequisite

None

Aims and Objectives

To have a reflexion on deeds in the name of moral values in the professional frame.

To take part of discussions about several society subjects

Description

Stakes and current debates on ethics

· Ethics : morale ; moral values ; types of values ; the morale of reason ; the morale and the justice.

Deontology

· Definition

· History

· Medical and paramedical deontology code

Group works: GMO, clonage, animal experimentation, gene therapy, IVF

Bibliography

Cours de déontologie de médecine, ULg

Cours de déontologie de la section I.G., Haute Ecole André Vésale

LELEU Y.H. et GENICOT G., Le droit médical, Ed. De Boeck Université.

Les mots de la bioéthique, un vocabulaire encyclopédique, De Boeck Université

METAYER M., La philosophie éthique, Edition Du Renouveau Pédagogique Québec

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Project or fieldwork
Assessment MethodsProjects or practical work
Continuous assessment
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Research methodology

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffBRUMIOUL, Dominique
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0039/3
Prerequisite

To be able to draft an experimental report ; know the different directions for subunit results ( tables, figures…). Minimal knowledge of technical English.

Aims and Objectives

To bring a scientific research at practical and theoretical levels ; to write resulting report.

Description

Research and maintenance of information :

  • Scientific documentation ( primary and secondary data sources);
  • Access to information;
  • Strategy of bibliographic research;
  • Principles as regards bibliographic references.

Planning of experimental work

Drafting written report:

  • Main chapters and their contents;
  • Presentation and analysis of results.
Bibliography

COUTURE M., FOURNIER R. P., La recherche en Science. Guide pratique pour les chercheurs, Ed. De Boeck Université, 1999.

SALMI R., Lecture critique et rédaction médicale scientifique, Ed. Elsevier, 2ème éd., Paris, 2003

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures

exercises.

Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
Continuous assessment
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Seminars, placements

ECTS Credits24
Number of Hours (h/year)600
Teaching staffBRUMIOUL, Dominique
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0041/3
Prerequisite

Good integration of the theoretical and practical notions as regards fundamental and biomedical matters.

Good practical know-how : work methodically, quickly and exactly.

Aims and Objectives

To allow students to become integrated into a routine or research laboratory team.

To approach professional ground in a participative way and so, to facilitate the learning of new and improved technologies.

With regard to field problems, to develop the initiative and critical mind necessary to the analytical verification and experimental results interpretation.

Description

Half training courses are organized in a routine laboratory of medical analysises and include equally bacteriology, medical chemistry, hematology.

Half training courses include the end-of-studies work.

Bibliography
Teaching and Learning MethodsLaboratory work

Practical activities – research on the field

Assessment MethodsPlacements

Continuous assessment and reports

NotesNo
LanguageFrench

Thesis

ECTS Credits10
Number of Hours (h/year)10
Teaching staffBRUMIOUL, Dominique
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0042/3
Prerequisite

Course of research methodology.

Practical know-how.

Aims and Objectives

To provide students with the opportunity to deepen a selected topic in and outside laboratory.

Description

An important feature of the third year studies is a laboratory based project lasting 300 hours.

The students choose a subject suggested by the person responsible for the university, clinical or industry laboratories, preferably of research.

This project involves a literature research, a laboratory investigation and a written report.

Bibliography
Teaching and Learning Methods

Practical activities – research on the field

Assessment Methods

Presentation of a written and an oral work.

NotesNo
LanguageFrench

Medical chemistry

ECTS Credits3
Number of Hours (h/year)30
Teaching staffCHARLIER, Corinne
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0033/3
Prerequisite

Elementary knowledge of epidemiological statistics. Anatomy and physiology of main functions. Notions in pathologic physiology related to main systems. Analytical principles connected with different types of assays.

Aims and Objectives

To have a critical approach the results of the analyses. To know to analyze causes of a process out control. To be able to denounce drifts of analytical quality involving rejection of biological results. To prove of logic and initiative.

Description

Theory interpretation of biological data at analytic, semiological and pathologic-physiological levels and about normal values.

Glucide metabolism: pathogenesis and complications near diabetic end; biological exploration and therapeutic balance tests; assays.

Lipid metabolism: serum lipidic compounds; normal metabolism; pathologic states; apoproteins; exploration tests.

Protein metabolism: serum protein properties; physico-chemical and biological properties of main specific plasmatic proteins.

Calcium and phosphorus function exploration: hormonal regulations; pathologic states; assays.

Enzymatic functional exploration: effects of physico-chemicals parameters on enzymatic reaction; serum enzyme semiology; isoenzymes; asays.

Renal function tests: homeostatic principles, investigation methods.

Thyroid exploration: biochemistry and mode of action of thyroid hormones; assays.

Liver function tests: pathologic states including viral hepatitis; tests.

Cellular receptors: classification; internalization; pathologic states.

Tumors markers: classification; semiology.

Acid-basis equilibrium and blood gazes

Clinical biology laboratories accreditation.

Bibliography

BOREL J.P., Biochimie dynamique, Ed. Maloine, 1987

MARTIN D.W., Précis de Biochimie de Harper, Presses de l'Université Laval, Editions ESKA, 1985

RAWN J.D., Ed., Traité de Biochimie, De Boeck-Wesmael, 1990

WEINMAN S., La Biochimie de Lubert-Stryer, 3e Ed., Flammarion Médecine Sciences, 1992

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsOral examinations
NotesYes
LanguageFrench

Bactériologie médicale

ECTS Credits2
Number of Hours (h/year)30
Teaching staffCARPENTIER, Michel
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0024/3
Prerequisite

Good knowledge of the courses of general microbiology of the 2nd year.

Aims and Objectives

To know the infections pathology, the germs of the infectious diseases and the diagnostic tests.

Description

Indications about the taking of blood for the hemoculture, septicemias intra- or out hospital.

Respiratory, urinary and gynecological infections

Diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases

Meningitis

Diagnossis of diarrhoea

Food poisoning

Anaerobic bacteria

Hepatitis

Mononucleosis syndrome

Blood and tissular parasites

Faecal parasites

HIV 

Bibliography

Manual of clinical microbiology

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsOral examinations
NotesYes
LanguageFrench

Biosécurité

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffGRIGNET, Christine
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0025/3
Prerequisite
Aims and Objectives

To protect the staff of laboratory in front of infectious organisms.To prevent the dissemination of biological agents.To respect the rules of safety.

Description

Introduction:review of definitions. Infectious organisms. Infections acquired in laboratories. Structures affected and exposed staff. Origins and causes of infections. Intercourses of infections: oral, cutaneous, conjunctival, percutaneous, airborn; aerosols and penetration in the respiratory system. Evaluation of biological risks in laboratories.

Classes of pathogen's risk and security sheets.

Specific risks related to use of cell cultures. Specific risks related to OGM; potentialisation of risk outcomed from the nature of insert.

Actions of prevention. Equipment of individual protection and equipments of security. Good practice of work. Management of waste.

Levels of confinement (L1 to L4). The work with the animals and the animal houses.

Physical and chemical inactivation of biological agents.

The transport of biological agents.

Legislations regarding biosecurity: execution and monitoring

Bibliography
Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsOral examinations
NotesYes
LanguageFrench

Introduction to pathological anatomy examinations

ECTS Credits3
Number of Hours (h/year)40
Teaching staffTHIRY, Albert
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0003/3
Prerequisite

Notions of biology, anatomy and physiology, pathological physiology, biochemistry, medical chemistry, histology including histological techniques, English, bibliographic research.

Aims and Objectives

To know, understand and realize pathological anatomy techniques

Description

Definition of basic pathologic lesions : inflammation, infections; overload; necrosis ; tumors

Different examinations in order to investigate a lesion : clinical examination; radiology; biopsies; surgical sampling; cytology and molecular biology.

Different sampling : medical, surgical and radiologic biopsies; surgical pieces; cytologic punctures.

Different pathological anatomy analysises: standard histology; histochemistry; immunohistology; histoenzymolgy; in situ hybridization; electronic microscopy; molecular biology.

Surgical acts.

Bibliography

DOMIZIO P. et LOWE D., Reporting Histopathology Sections, Chapman & Hall Medical, ISBN 0-412-43040-1

SANDRITTER W. et THOMAS C., Anatomie pathologique macroscopique manuel et atlas, Masson, ISBN 2-225-80399-4

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Surgical pathology (macroscopic)

ECTS Credits3
Number of Hours (h/year)40
Teaching staffTHIRY, Albert
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0004/3
Prerequisite

Notions of biology, anatomy and physiology, pathological physiology, biochemistry, medical chemistry, histology including histological techniques, english, bibliographic research.

Aims and Objectives

Learning how to realize macroscopic sampling in pathological anatomy.

Description

Macroscopic examinations :

· Systematic applications in region: gastro-intestinal; gynecologic, otorhinolaryngologic, cardio-vascular, urologic, pulmonary, hematologic, osteoarticular.

· International protocoles.

· Formulation of protocole as regards macroscopic examination – visual illustrations.

· Information research .

Pathologic laboratory organization

Quality control

Bibliography

UNDERWOOD J.C.E., Introduction to biopsy interpretation and surgical pathology, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-17495-8

DOMIZIO P. et LOWE D., Reporting Histopathology Sections, Chapman & Hall Medical, ISBN 0-412-43040-1

SANDRITTER W. et THOMAS C., Anatomie pathologique macroscopique manuel et atlas, Masson, ISBN 2-225-80399-4

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Cytology and cytopathology including laboratory

ECTS Credits3
Number of Hours (h/year)40
Teaching staffTHIRY, Albert
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0005/3
Prerequisite

Notions of biology, anatomy and physiology, pathological physiology, biochemistry, medical chemistry, histology including histological techniques, english, bibliographic research.

Aims and Objectives

To understand and to carry out cytologic preparations and sampling for specified cases by Royal Decrees. To read cytologic slides.

Description

Cytology

  • Cellular architecture
  • Basic vocabulary: cellular and nuclear images
  • Procedures : fixations, smearing, centrifugation, flow cytometry, special techniques...)
  • Technical aspects of smear preparations
  • Staining techniques
  • Artefacts and contaminations

Cytologic study applied to female genital tract, urinary system and respiratory tract:

  • Collection of specimens and their validity
  • Infectious and inflammatory states, repair
  • Intraepithelial lesions and cancer
  • Quality control and report

Cytology of effusions and liquor cerebrospinalis:

  • Collection of specimens and their validity
  • Infectious and inflammatory states, repair
  • Tumoral infiltrations

Cytology of aspirates with fine needle:

  • Collection of specimens and their validity
  • Infectious and inflammatory states, repair
  • Tumoral infiltrations
  • Correlation with histological analysis

Mammary gland cytology

Bibliography

KEEBLER M.C. et SOMRAK M.T., The manual of cytotechnology, 7th Ed., ASCP Press, 1993, ISBN 0-89189-352-0

RAMZY I., Clinical cytopathology and aspiration biopsy, 2nd Ed., Mc Graw-Hill, 2001, ISBN 0-8385-1069-8

MAILLET M., LABBE S. et CHARASINI D., Cytologie gynécologique normale et pathologique, Piccin, 1991, ISBN 88-299-0965-3

UNDERWOOD J.C.E., Introduction to biopsy interpretation and surgical pathology, Springer-Verlag, ISBN 3-540-17495-8

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Cytogenetic techniques including laboratory work

ECTS Credits2
Number of Hours (h/year)30
Teaching staffHELLIN, Anne-Cécile
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0006/3
Prerequisite

Basic notions of genetics ( nucleic acids structure), protein synthesis ( transcription and traduction), genetic code, mitosis and meiosis, gametogenesis.

Aims and Objectives

To know and understand principles of techniques of cytogenetic (caryotype, FISH, MLPA). To have cytogenetic clinical notions. To interpret instructions of chromosomic analysis and to adapt detection technique to researched abnormalities.

Description

Introduction

  • Genetics history
  • Organization of a genetics department
  • The genetic counselling and the family history
  • The inheritance patterns of genetic diseases.

Theorical background : DNA ; genetic code; from DNA to protein ( transcription and translation); mitosis and meiosis, gametogenesis.

Chromosomes : structure of chromosome ; definition of karyotype ; classification of chromosomes.

The different samples and their indications: constitutional diagnosis; prenatal diagnosis; oncological diagnosis

The different technics of treatment : culture of samples ; treatment of one sample to obtain metaphases; realization of a cellular pellet; techniques of banding; special stainings; observations with microscope; criterias of karyotype analysis and norms of good practise.

Definition and classification of chromosomal abnormalities: numerical abnormalities; structural abnormalities; homogenous karyotype and mosaicism; chromosomal markers; chromosomal aberrations; chromosomal variants.

Molecular cytogenetics: definition; principle; applications; evolution; protocol; kinds of chromosomal probes; special techniques.

Constitutional chromosomal abnormalities: different syndromes

( Down, Edwards, Patau ,Turner and Klinefelter syndromes ; other abnormalities of sexual chromosomes ; microdeletion syndromes; syndromes of chromosomal instability.

Acquired chromosomal abnormalities: genetic and cancer

(genetic susceptibility to cancer; the multi-step process of cancer; acquired chromosomal abnormalities ).

Bibliography

DE GROUCHY J. et TURLEAU C., Atlas des maladies chromosomiques, 2e Ed., 1982.

OFFIT K., Clinical cancer genetics - Risk Counselling & Management, 1998.

CZEPULKOWSKI B., Analyzing Chromosomes, 2001.

 

GARDNER R.J.M. & SUTHERLAND G.R., Chromosome Abnormalities and Genetic Counselling, 2nd Ed., 1996.

GERSEN S.L. & KEAGLE M.B., The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, 1999.

HARPER P.S., Practical Genetic Counselling, 1998.

SCHINZEL A., Catalogue of Unbalanced Chromosome Aberrations in man, 2nd Ed., 2001.

ROONEY D.E. & CZEPULKOWSKI B.H., Human Cytogenetics, 1994.

ROONEY D.E., Human Cytogenetics - Malignancy and acquired abnormalities, 2001.

ROONEY D.E., Human Cytogenetics - Constitutional analysis, 2001.

VERMA R.S. & BABU A., Human Chromosomes - Manual of basic techniques, 1989.

CLARK M.S. & WALL W.J., Chromosomes - The Complex Code, 1996.

BONTHRON D., FITZPATRICK D., PORTEOUS M. & TRAINER A., Clinical Genetics - A case-based approach, 1998.

HEIM S. & MITELMAN F., Cancer Cytogenetics - Chromosomal and Molecular Genetic Aberrations of Tumor Cells, 2nd Ed., 1995.

MARK H.F.L., Medical Cytogenetics, 2000.

KORF B.R., Human Genetics - A Problem-based Approach, 2nd Ed., 1999.

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Laboratory work

Lectures (24 h) – Tutorials (6 h)

Assessment MethodsOral examinations

+ practical participation

NotesYes
LanguageFrench

Applied hematology

ECTS Credits2
Number of Hours (h/year)25
Teaching staffHEMELAERS, Laurent
TASSIN, Françoise
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0008/3
Prerequisite

Basic notions of hematology courses of year 2

Aims and Objectives

To have a good command of basic techniques in hematologic exploration

To be able to do and to understand immunohematology techniques

Recognize normal blood cells and numerate precisely

Recognize young blood cells and name it

Description

Study of a complete blood

Study of blood groups

· Test at the birth

· Compatibility test

· Cytologic approach of smears

· Normal bloods and different cellular lineages

The « traps « of normal bloods and some pictures of pathologic bloods.

Bibliography

BESSIS M., Réinterprétation des frottis sanguins, Masson

HEILNEYER L. et BEGEMANN H., Atlas of clinical hematology, Springer Verlag

Cours d’hématologie, Haute Ecole André Vésale, 2e GBM

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Tutorials

Tutorials (24 h). Lectures (6 h).

Assessment MethodsWritten and/or oral examination
Projects or practical work
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Applied microbiology, laboratory

ECTS Credits2
Number of Hours (h/year)30
Teaching staffFRANCK, Marianne
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0009/3
Prerequisite

Courses of biochemistry, bacteriology and parasitology ( theory and practice) of 2nd year.

Aims and Objectives

To apply theoretical knowledge to understand to interpret ordered analysis ( uniray infections ).To apply critically practical methods. To evaluate the results in their whole to orientate the medical diagnosis. To interpret antibiograms. To organize and plan a laboratory work.

Description

Review of basic techniques : culture media, sterile device, coloring, isolations, seedings.

Identification of microorganisms (with Api 20E, Api 20 NE, Api Staph, Api Strep, Api 20 C AUX and Enterotubes)

Analysis of urinary samples

Antibiograms of urinary germs (Kirby-Bauer's method and ATB technique)

Bibliography

BERCHE P. et al., Bactériologie, Flammarion Médecine-Sciences, 1988.

AVRIL J.L., Bactériologie clinique, Ellipses, 1992.

Presscott et al, Microbiologie, Ed. De Boeck, 2003

Teaching and Learning MethodsLaboratory work
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
Continuous assessment

Rapport de laboratoire

NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Introduction à la culture de cellules, laboratoires

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffDE RYCKER, Cécile
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0018/3
Prerequisite

Use of the microscope

Aseptic rules

 

Aims and Objectives

Use ot the phase-contrast microscope

How to prepare culture medias

Maintenance of cultures

Subcultures

Cell counting

Description
Bibliography
Teaching and Learning MethodsLaboratory work
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
Continuous assessment
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Techniques appliquées à la cytologie

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffHEMELAERS, Laurent
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBMCY0007/3
Prerequisite

Background of hematology, cell dilution, cell numeration

Aims and Objectives

To understand flow cytometry

To caracterize cell population on a dot plot

To make cell isolation with density gradient (percoll)

To put lymphocytes/monocytes in culture and interprete cell stimulatio with MTS

Description

flox cytometry visit and theory in school

Blood cells isolation and culture of lymphocytes/monocytes

Bibliography

www.invitrogen.com

Teaching and Learning MethodsTutorials
Group seminars or workshops
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
Projects or practical work
Continuous assessment
NotesIn part
LanguageFrench

Cell culture introduction

ECTS Credits1
Number of Hours (h/year)15
Teaching staffDE RYCKER, Cécile
Course UnitCompulsory
TermQuad. 1 and 2
CodePARA-D_GBM0017/3
Prerequisite

Cell morphology and biology, aseptic rules.

Aims and Objectives

To learn the specific vocabulary of the disciplin. To know the usual techniques for the routine work in a cell culture laboratory. Appreciation of the advantages and dissadvantages of each technique.

Description

The laboratory equipment.

Aseptic techniques

Preparations and sterilization.

Contaminations of the cultures

Protection - biohazard

Culture conditions (media, pH, ...)

Basic techniques

Bibliography

FRESHNEY Ed., Culture of animal cells : a manual of basic technique, Liss, New York, 2005

FRESHNEY Ed., Animal cell culture : a pratical approach, IRL press, Oxford, 1989

ADOLPHE M. et BARLOVARZ-MEINON G., Culture de cellules animales : méthodologies, applications, INSERM, 1999.

Teaching and Learning MethodsLectures
Assessment MethodsWritten examinations
NotesYes
LanguageFrench

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